The political development of Plateau State has reached a critical juncture with the recent Supreme Court judgments, leaving the state in a state of heightened tension. Governor Caleb Mutfwang faces the formidable task of not only ensuring justice prevails but also navigating the complex web of social, regional, and climatological issues that have contributed to conflicts in the region vis-à-vis Plateau State. Particularly, the town of Mangu is grappling with a conflict that demands immediate attention and de-escalation strategies. In this essay, I will explore the key factors contributing to the conflict, analyze the necessity of de-escalation, and propose effective measures that Governor Caleb Mutfwang can employ during this challenging period.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE CONFLICT
Plateau State has long been plagued by social, regional, and climatological issues that serve as catalysts for conflicts. The historical tension between indigenes and settlers, regional power struggles, and the impact of climate change on herders’ migration patterns are prominent factors that have fueled unrest in the region. However, the present conflict in Mangu seems to be a spontaneous reaction rather than a well-planned attack, destabilizing the fragile peace equilibrium in the area. It is crucial to acknowledge these factors to develop targeted de-escalation strategies.
DE-ESCALATION STRATEGIES:
REDIRECTING FROM ESCALATION TO NEGATIVE PEACE
The first step in de-escalating the conflict is to transition from the escalation phase to negative peace, where the embers of conflict are reduced, allowing people to regain their senses. Johan Galtung’s concept of negative peace emphasizes the importance of reducing violence to the barest minimum. Contrary to common practice, military intervention should be minimized during this phase. Instead, the deployment of anti-riot police, trained to handle riot situations, is recommended. This approach is more suited to the spontaneous nature of the conflict in Mangu, as opposed to the well-planned attacks witnessed in other regions such as the planned allatack in Barakin Ladi and Bokkos LGAs.
MINIMAL USE OF ARMS AND CURFEW ACTIVATION
To prevent casualties and further violence, there should be minimal use of arms during the de-escalation process. Governor Caleb Mutfwang’s activation of a curfew in Mangu is a commendable measure to address the situation. However, it is essential to maintain maximum vigilance during the curfew period to prevent conflict entrepreneurs from exploiting the situation for nefarious activities. The focus should be on shifting the conflict from its violent phase to a state of negative peace.
IMMEDIATE AVAILABILITY OF RELIEF MATERIALS
To address the humanitarian aspect of the conflict, the immediate availability of relief materials is crucial. Governor Mutfwang should ensure that essentials such as water, food, and shelter are provided promptly to those affected. This will not only alleviate the suffering of the people but also contribute to the de-escalation process by addressing immediate needs and reducing desperation.
PUBLIC COOPERATION AND SOCIAL MEDIA CAUTION
De-escalation efforts require the cooperation of the public. The people must avoid perpetuating rumors, especially on social media platforms. False information can exacerbate tensions and hinder the de-escalation process. Governor Mutfwang should encourage responsible social media use and foster a sense of unity among the populace to counteract divisive narratives.
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, Governor Caleb Mutfwang finds himself at a critical juncture in Plateau State’s political development, with the need to de-escalate the conflict in Mangu. By understanding the underlying factors contributing to the conflict and implementing targeted strategies, such as redirecting from escalation to negative peace, minimizing the use of arms, activating a curfew, providing relief materials, and fostering public cooperation, the governor can contribute to restoring peace and stability in the region. The success of these de-escalation efforts will not only shape the political landscape of Plateau State but also serve as a model for conflict resolution in other regions grappling with similar challenges.
Written by Professor (Assoc.) Elias Nankap Lamle (PhD: Leuven)
Centre for Conflict Management and Peace Studies
University of Jos, Nigeria